Research with neutrons

Magnetism

Many magnetic properties of materials can only be studied by neutron scattering. An important application of magnetic properties on the atomic scale is the development of innovative materials for data storage. Superconductors that are capable of loss-free power transmission and have other useful properties, are being studied by neutron scattering.

Making hydrogen visible

Biological molecules are often large and complex. Many parts of their structure can be studied using photons, but the position of single hydrogen atoms can only be determined using neutrons - and a single hydrogen position often determines the mode of ation of genes, enzymes, catalysts and antibiotics. Neutron scattering experiments therefore provide indispensible information for the understanding of such reactions and their effect.

Non-destructive testing

New materials

Neutrons help finding new materials: Lead-free ferroelectrics for cell phones, diffusion layers for fuel cells, new superconductors, alloys for future gas turbines and many more.

Understandning processes

Neutron research gives insight into processes that are not understood so far: Is it a good idea to store CO₂ in bedrock? What is function of the hydration shell around proteins? Do nanoparticles interact? How do plat roots change the water uptake of soil? What hardens steel and how can welding be improved?

Detecting trace elements - important for the environment and arts

Neutron activation uses the nuclear reaction of material that is expoed to neutrons to identify trace elements in the sample. The method is highly sensitive, and the sample (e.g. a precious artefact or painting) is not being harmed.

Production of radionclides for medicine and research

Radioisotopes from research reactors can mark tumors and even treat them gently. They also help monitoring blood flow, inflammations, cardiac insufficiency and other processes.

Origin of the universe

In an early stage of the universe neutrons made up a major part of matter. The origin of light elements and the isotope distribution can be understood better when the exact life time of the free neutron is known. It also helps unterstanding the weak interactions better.

Neutrons are building blocks of atomic nuclei. Atomic nuclei are made up by protons and neutrons (except hydrogen). Neutrons have been known as particles since 1932. Experiments show that their mass is similar to that of protons. Whereas protons have a positive charge, neutrons got their name from the fact that they are neutral. Today, we know that neutrons are made up by even smaller particles, three quarks.

Normally, neutrons are bound in the atomic nucleus. They can be set free by nuclear reactions. Free neutrons are unstable, they decay with a half-life of about 15 Minutes into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino.

There are different types of neutron sources which use various processes for the release of neutrons. Nuclear fission and spallation are very efficient, but they require large scale facilites. Lately, smaller facilities using accelerators or lasers have been developed.